Airship.



U. G. WHITE.

Patented Apr. 15, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

aflouuq Ti. G. WHITE.

AIRSHIP. APPLICATION FILED MAY 16; 1912.

Patented Apr. 15, 1913.

5 sums-sum z.

awvewto'a U. G. WHITE;

AIRSHIP.

APPLIOAT ION FILED MAY 16, 1912.

5 BIIBBTB-BHIIET 3.

anumo'a L Patented Apr. 15, 1913.

U. G. WHITE.

AIRSHIP.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 15, 1912.

1,059,247. Patented Apr. 15, 1913.

, wi lmmeo U} G. WHITE.

AIRSHIP.

' LPPLIQATIQH FILED MAY 15, 1912. 1,059,247. Patented Apr. 15,1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Ghoul;

3 "newton UNITED smrns PATENT orrrcn.

unrssns a. warm, or :soumana, Mon mun machines employing an aerostat or bal oon having sufficient lifting capacity a portion of the weight thereof.

One object of the invention is to provide an airship of this type which may be launched without a length prelimlnary run, which may be sustaine in the air at a desired altitude aboveany fixed position on the earth beneath it for the purpose of making observations, etc, which may be landed with ease and facility in a substanpower and a maximum.

tially vertical path of (descent, which is adapted to alight .upon, ride along and rise from the surface of a body of Water, and which possesses hi h speed, lifting degree of inherent stability.

A further object of theinvention is to provide a construction of machine in which the aviator, motors and controlling devices are inclosed-within a housing, and thus protected from the current of air when the machine is in flight, whichhousing is heated by radiation from the engines, thus enablin a comfortabletemperature to be maintained therein when the machine is being operated during cold weather or at a high altltudc. A further object of the invention is to provide a novel construction and arrange ment'of steering and controlling 'devices, whereby the machine may be dirigibly operated in any direction vertically or horizontally in an easy and convenient manner. A still further object of the invention-isto provide a novel construction and arrangement of driving, lifting and stabilizing propellers, which may be operated from either one .or both of a pair of motors, and which are adjustable .to positions to facilitate the.

ascension of the ship or control its descent, as Well as to maintainflongitudinal and lateral stability.

fly-. in'g machines of the heavier-than-air type, and particularly to heavier-tharrainfl' "rig to support amsmr.

Serial are 097,497.

A: further object of the invention is to provide simple vand effective automatic means for ad usting the propellers andmam ually operable means for regulating the action of the adjusting means wh'en'occasi'on ires.

reap he invention consists of the features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts, hereinafter fully described and claimed, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of an airship embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a front .elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a top plan view' of the airship. Fig. 4a is a horizontal section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5

is a vertical transverse section on 'the line ,5-5 of Fig. 1. F1

6 is a diagrammatic view of the means in controlling and adjusting the propellers for lifting and balancing actions. Fig. 7 is arvertical transverse section on the line 7- 7 of Fig.6.

Referring to the drawings, ,1 designates the main frame of thestructure, which comprises a boat-shaped body or nacelle, which carries suitable launching and landing wheels 2, and which is adapted to sustain the ship upon the surface of a body of water and permit it to slight and travel thereon and rise therefrom. This body is adapted to contain one or more fuel supply tanks or reservoirs 3, and is provided with a suitable rudder 4 for steering the machine when traveling iipon the surface of a bod of water. Rising from said boat-shaped i iody Patented-Apr. 15,1913.

or nacelle is a central frame structure ineluding suitableuprights'b and a car or housing-6,1 hich lattermaybe of any suitable shape to diminish its resistance to travel through the air. This frame structure supports frontand rear head frame sections 7 a d a supporting lane 8 which latter m be of any suitabe length and width. lie parts of the frame are pro erl'y tied andbraced to secure a strong and ura- .ble structure. Supported by the head frame sections 7 is a cigar-shaped balloon or aerostat 9, adapted to contain hydrogenor other 'gas lighter than air, .and having suflicien't 11fting capacity to support the greaterpart of the weight of the machine. This aerostat,

'vided with pawls or other locking devices to engage racks, whereby they may be seling devices are arranged within the hous-,

' when the machine is llying'at a high all itudc control device 15 arranged within the car,

' front mounted upon shafts 23, all of said controlhouSing so as to be conveniently accessible in addition to serving as a supporting elel ment, also rovides a surface which is ar ranged su ciently above the load weight I to provide a low center of gravity, whereby, in connection with the resistance of the aerostat to displacement,amaximum amount l of inherent stability is secured.

-Mountedupon the frame portions 7 are front and rear horizontal rudders 10 which are connected by cables 11 and assing over suitable guides with a control evice 12 arranged within-the car, said cables being so disposed as to adjust the rudders simulta-; neously in the same direction, either upward or downward when the controlling device is moved in either direction, to guide the ship either upwardly or downwardly or to enable its longitudinal balance to be maintained. At the front and rear of the central frame structure are arranged vertical rudders 13 which are connected by cables 14 passing over suitable guides with nother said cables being also arranged tocffect the adjustment of said rudders in the same directions in unison when the controlling device is moved in one direction or the other, to steer the machine to the right or left in its course of travel. By the arrangement of these sets of rudders at the front. and

rear of the craft, efficiency of steering controlis obtained.

The controlling devices 12 and 15 are preferably in the form of levers mounted to swing in a fore and aft direction and procured in adjusted position. These controling5 in proximity to the aviatorsseat 16, and also arranged within-said housing are and rear motors 17 and 18 and controlling devices 19 and 20, said controlling devices 19 and 20 comprising hand wheels con-- nected with drums 21 and 22, respectively,

ling devices, as well as the feed connections to the engines, being arranged within the:

to the aviator without requiring him to leave his seat. The housing is provided with suitable port'holes or windows through which the aviator may have free outlook in all directions. The housing is heated by radiation from the motors, whcreby a'conifortablc temperature may be l'llillllltllllctl therein or in:cold weather.

At the front and rcar'of the central frame arearr-anged pairs of propellersil, 25, 2!; and 27, the propellers of each pair being at ranged on opposite sides of the longitudinal center of the machine and driven in opposite l directions. Each propeller is mounted upon a longitudinal shaft 27' jonrnalml in a gear l 31 as axes to vary the positions of the propellers, as hereinafter described.

Gears 33' .on the front transmission shafts respectively mesh with gears 36 and 37 on the forward ends of longitudinal shafts 38 and 39, while the corresponding gears of the rear transmission shafts respectively mesh with gears 40 and 41 on the'g' shaft 38 and a shaft 42. The shaftsj39 and 142 are adapted to be connected with and disconnected from theshafts of-the respective motors-17 and 18 by clutch devices 45 and, ,sotliat either one or both motors mayLbe-thrown into and out of operation at will, or either motor employed for driving both setspof propellers without the necessity ofstopping the other motor.' It-will be-observed in this. connection that the shaft 38is common to both sets a of propeller gearing, adapting the same to be simultaneously operated from either mo-- tor. The clutches 45 and 46 are connected with suitable shipper-levers or controlling devices arranged within the housing wherev by they may be adjusted as required. 1

The crank arms 34 and 35 of each set of controlling gearing are coupled by a link bar 47 fixed to a depending weighted pendulum lever 48 pivotally supportedto swing laterally upon a carrier barior block 4.) adjustable vertically in a fixed guideway 50. By

this construction when the ship tilts laterally in either direction a relative motion between the weighted pendulum levcr and the crank arms 34 and 35 will be set up, to adjust one of said crank arms to throw the associated propeller upwardly and toadjust the other crank arm to throw the associated propeller downward, whereby a depressing action on the part of one propeller is secured at the uptilted side and a. lifting action secured on the part. of the other propeller secured at the depressed side, resulting in a lateral balance oft'he machine being restored by the action of the propellers while the machine is still being driven ahead. The adjustable carriorbars or blocks 49 oft he respective front and run r weighted pendulum lovers are supported in the same direction, either upwardly or downwardly, whereby both propellers of a set may-be tilted downward to different degrees for a liftingaction or tilted upward to different degrees for a depressing action. By

this method of adjusting the propellers both sets of propellers may be adjusted to positions in which they exert a lifting effect solely, so that their thrust pressure may be employed in connection with the aerostat to descent. The propellers-may further be adjusted in different directions to lift the machine at the front and depress it at the rear,

or vice versa, so that the ship may be longitudinally balanced or steered in a vertical plane, whereby a maximum efliciency of con trol is obtained and greater safety insured.

By proper adjustment the propellers may be operated to secure a quick ascent with =1 minimum ground run, so that the ship may be launched within a comparatively small area.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the drawings, the constructionand mode of operation will be readily c understood, and it will be seen that an airship is provided which'enables the advantages sought to be obtained to be secured in a satisfactory manner. 7

While the construction disclosed is preferred, it will of course be understood that the invention is not restricted thereto, as many of the features thereof may be employed upon various types of air craft without departing from thespirit ofv the invention :as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new is 1. A flying machine embodying alined transverse shafts, sleeves journalcd on said shafts and provided at their outer ends with casings, propeller shafts journalcd in said casings and in gear with the outer ends of the transverse shafts, motor driven means in gear with the inner ends of the transverse shafts for imparting motion thereto, crank arms upon the sleeves, a vertically adjust abiesuppo-rt, a link pivotull y connecting the crank arms and pivotally mounted upon said sup ort, a pendulum lever ccnncctcd )vitli sal link, and moans for raising and lowering said support.

2. In a flying machine, the combination of a pair of alined transverse shafts, sleeves journaled on said shafts and having casings at their outer ends, n'opeller shafts journaled in said casings andin gear with the outer ends of the transverse shafts, gears upon the inner ends of the transverse; shafts,

motor driven gearing in mosh with the inner ends of the transverse shafts, a vertically' adjustable support, a lever fulcrumed thcreto, crank arms upon the sleeves, a link car-' ried by the lever and pivotally connecting the crank arms thereto, and means for raising and lowering-said support.

3. In a flying machine, a pair of alined transverse shafts sleeves journalcd on said shafts, and provided at their outer ends with casings, propeller shafts journaled in said casings and in gear with the outer ends of the transverse shafts, gears enga ingthe inner ends of the transverse shafts or transmitting motion thereto, crank arms carried by the sleeves, a vertically adjustable su port, a lever pivotally connected with said support and pivotally coupled to the crank arms, whereby the sleeves may be turned simultaneously in opposite directions, and means for raising and lowering said support to simultaneously raise or lower the crank.

arms and turn the sleeves accordingly.

4 In a flying machine, a pair of alincd transverse shafts, sleeves journaled on said.

shafts and provided at their outer ends with casings, propeller shafts journaled in said casings and in gear with the outer ends of the transverse shafts, crank arms carried by the sleeves, drive gearing connected with the inner ends of the transverse shafts, a vertically adjustable support, a lever pivotally connected with said support, a transverse member pivotally coupling said lever to'the crank arms, whereby through the swingin movements of the lever the crank arms an sleeves may simultaneously turn in opposite directions, a control drum, and connections between said control drum and support wherebythe latter may be raised or lowered to simultaneously move the crank arms and sleeves in the same direction, either upwardly or downwardly.

5. A flying machine including right and left hand propellers, longitu Inal shafts (azrrying said propellers, transverse shafts in gear with the longitudinal shafts, casings in which said longitudiiml shafts are journaled, said casings being journalcd on the trans: verse shafts, crank arms connected with said casings, a vertically movable support, a laterally swinging weighted member carried by said support, a lever operated by said .weig'hted member and connected with said crank arms, and means for verticallyadjusting said support.

6. in a flying machine, the combination of front and rear pairs of nlined shafts, propellers driven by the shafts, gears upon the inner ends of the respective shafts, a pair of separate and independent motors,transmission shafts driven thereby and rovided with gears meshing respectively wit the ears of one of the transverse shafts of cool pair,

means for independently throwing said trans- In testimony whereof I aflix my signatnre shaft continuous between the pairs of trans- 5 verse shafts and carrying gears meshing Witnesses:

with the first named transmission shafts and DAN. M. HALF0R1),' with the gears of the other transverse shafts. JOHN T. MURPHY.

mission shafts into and out of connection in presence of two Witnesses. wlththe motors, and a second transmisslon I ULYSSES G. WHITE 

